ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)

ADC is a hardware component that converts a continuously varying analogue voltage into a digital value that can be processed by a microcontroller or processor.

Within the VESC ecosystem, ADC inputs are commonly used to connect devices such as throttles, potentiometers, joysticks, brake levers, sensors, and other analogue control inputs. The ADC continuously measures the input voltage and converts it into a numerical value that can be used to control motor speed, current, duty cycle, or other functions.

ADC inputs can also be used to connect simple buttons and switches. By connecting a switch between the ADC signal and ground, the VESC device can detect different voltage levels and perform specific actions when the switch is activated. This allows features such as drive mode selection, cruise control, reverse, traction control adjustment, or other user-configurable functions to be implemented using only two wires.

Example

A hall-effect throttle connected to an ADC input outputs 0.8V at zero throttle and 3.6V at full throttle. The VESC reads this voltage through its ADC input and maps it to the desired motor output.

As another example, a momentary push button can be connected to an ADC input and configured in VESC Tool to cycle between Eco, Sport, and Race drive modes each time the button is pressed.

In simple terms: ADC inputs allows the VESC to understand analogue signals from devices such as throttles, sensors, buttons, and switches, converting them into digital control commands.